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安装Python一、查询是否安装了Python及安装路径

#查看当前Python版本python --versionPython 2.7.16#查看当前所有Python版本路径appledeMBP:~ apple$ which python2.7/usr/local/bin/python2.7appledeMBP:~ apple$ which python3.5/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/bin/python3.5appledeMBP:~ apple$ which python3.7/usr/local/bin/python3.7appledeMBP:~ apple$ which python/usr/local/bin/pythonappledeMBP:~ apple$ which python3/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/bin/python3appledeMBP:~ apple$ which python2/usr/local/bin/python2查看pip2版本appledeMBP:~ apple$ pip2 --versionpip 18.0 from /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip (python 2.7)查看pip3版本appledeMBP:~ apple$ pip3 --versionpip 18.1 from /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip (python 3.5)

二、Mac OS 安装Pythne 3.x

Python 官方下载地址:
https://www.python.org/downloads/

macOS 64-bit installer 即为 Mac OS X 系统的 Python 安装包。这里下载 3.8.1这个版本，得到python-3.8.1-macosx10.9.pkg 安装包。

双击 python-3.8.1-macosx10.9.pkg 就进入了 Python 安装向导，然后按照向导一步一步向下安装，一切保持默认即可。

三、验证安装结果

安装完成以后，你的 Mac OS X 上将同时存在 Python 3.x 和 Python 2.x 的运行环境，在终端（Terminal）输入python命令将进入 Python 2.x 开发环境，在终端（Terminal）输入python3命令将进入 Python 3.x 开发环境。

appledeMBP:~ apple$  python3Python 3.8.1 (v3.8.1:1b293b6006, Dec 18 2019, 14:08:53)[Clang 6.0 (clang-600.0.57)] on darwinType "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.>>>

四、卸载Python

如果有别的不需要的版本可以卸载，例如卸载3.6，安装3.7

4.1 删除Python 3.6 framework

appledeMBP:~ apple$ sudo rm -rf /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6

4.2 删除Python 3.6 应用目录

appledeMBP:~ apple$ sudo rm -rf "/Applications/Python 3.6"

4.3 删除/usr/local/bin 目录下指向的Python3.6的连接

appledeMBP:~ apple$ cd /usr/local/bin/appledeMBP:~ apple$ ls -l /usr/local/bin | grep '../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6' | awk '{print $9}' | tr -d @ | xargs rm

五、添加软链接

# 查看pip3 安装地址appledeMBP:~ which pip3
/usr/bin/pip3
# 创建软链接appledeMBP:~ ln -s /usr/bin/pip3 /usr/local/bin/pip
# 查看python3 安装地址appledeMBP:~ which python3
/usr/bin/python3
# 创建软链接appledeMBP:~ ln -s /usr/bin/python3 /usr/local/bin/python

备注

Mac OS 下的 Python 3.x 自带 IDLE 简易开发工具，我们可以在程序列表中找到它。