一、前言
前两天，我的邻居找到我，问我某破站的视频能否帮她下载成mp4格式？
网上应该有很多的下载工具，但是如果直接让她网上找，那么无法彰显我程序员大神的威武形象。因此我回复她，程序员大神是无敌的，只要在浏览器上能看到的东西，都能用程序拿到。只要在浏览器上用手能操作的东西，都能用程序操作。只要……
我发现我的邻居，已经悄然成为了我的产品经理，这些年着实给我提了不少产品思路哈哈哈。
二、需求分析
其实要做的功能，非常简单。从某破站上打开一个视频，从浏览器地址栏拿到这个视频的地址，然后粘贴到我开发的程序中，程序自动将相应的视频下载下来变成mp4格式。
干脆，我把程序放到我的云服务器上，这样不但邻居可以使用，世界各地的美女帅哥都能使用。如果用的人多了，我给他变成收费模式，下载一个视频收1分钱，一天如果有1万个人下载，不就能收100元吗？一个月30天，那就是3万，一年365天，那就是365*3万=1095万，艾玛这是要发大财呀。
你看，我不止是程序员大神，还是数学大神。其实数学十分简单，只不过剩下的九十分很难。
三、抓包分析1、拿到视频文件真实地址
我们进入某破站，随便打开一个视频，咱们就用浏览器自带的网络监控工具抓包。
好家伙，这一大堆请求，一直在不停地刷，放个图大家感受一下：
不过凭借程序员大神多年的经验，直觉告诉我，咱们重点关注这俩请求：
看一下这俩请求的应答内容，这一看就是我们要的视频二进制内容嘛：
等等！1267024297-1-100024.m4s和1267024297-1-30232.m4s这些数字是从哪里来的呢？看起来像是视频的ID号之类的，但是浏览器链接栏中也没看到类似的号呢？
那接下来咱先看看第一个请求吧，看这里面能否找到啥蛛丝马迹。
这第一个请求就是我点击视频链接后发出的，这和浏览器地址栏的地址是一致的：
再看一下这个请求的应答是啥内容：
应答就是一段标准的html嘛。看看这里面有没有1267024297-1-100024.m4s和1267024297-1-30232.m4s相关的内容呢？搜一下，果然找到了：
看起来就是一段json，下面我把这段json贴出来，内容太多，我稍微删减了一些，只留下关键信息：
查看代码
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}, "codecid": 0 }], "dolby": { "type": 0, "audio": null }, "flac": null }, "support_formats": [{ "quality": 112, "format": "hdflv2", "new_description": "1080P 高码率", "display_desc": "1080P", "superscript": "高码率", "codecs": ["av01.0.08M.08.0.110.01.01.01.0", "avc1.640032", "hev1.1.6.L150.90"] }, { "quality": 80, "format": "flv", "new_description": "1080P 高清", "display_desc": "1080P", "superscript": "", "codecs": ["av01.0.08M.08.0.110.01.01.01.0", "avc1.640032", "hev1.1.6.L150.90"] }, { "quality": 64, "format": "flv720", "new_description": "720P 高清", "display_desc": "720P", "superscript": "", "codecs": ["av01.0.08M.08.0.110.01.01.01.0", "avc1.640028", "hev1.1.6.L120.90"] }, { "quality": 32, "format": "flv480", "new_description": "480P 清晰", "display_desc": "480P", "superscript": "", "codecs": ["av01.0.08M.08.0.110.01.01.01.0", "avc1.64001F", "hev1.1.6.L120.90"] }, { "quality": 16, "format": "flv360", "new_description": "360P 流畅", "display_desc": "360P", "superscript": "", "codecs": ["av01.0.08M.08.0.110.01.01.01.0", "avc1.64001E", "hev1.1.6.L120.90"] }], "high_format": null, "volume": { "measured_i": -18.5, "measured_lra": 8.9, "measured_tp": 1.2, "measured_threshold": -28.8, "target_offset": 0.4, "target_i": -14, "target_tp": -1 }, "last_play_time": 14000, "last_play_cid": 1267024297 }, "session": "5b95542e60887c5e597810671aa5001a" }所以，我们第一步的思路就有了：请求视频地址，然后将应答中的这段json拿出来，再从json中将视频文件真实地址拿到。
2、下载视频文件
我们看上面的json，data.dash.video路径下面的值，就是我们要下载的视频的真实地址，但我们看到这是个Array，也就是说有多个视频地址，我们下载哪一个呢？我测试了一下，把所有视频都下载下来，视频内容都是一致的，只不过文件大小、视频长宽、码率之类的不同，我估计对应的是”高清 1080P+”, “高清 1080P”, “高清 720P”, “清晰 480P”, “流畅 360P”之类的。我们就简单处理吧，默认下载第一个视频就行了。
下面咱看看第一个视频的具体信息：
查看代码
{ "id": 80, "baseUrl": "https://xy182x117x194x4xy.mcdn.xxxxxxxxxx.cn:8082/v1/resource/1267024297-1-100113.m4s?agrr=0&build=0&buvid=423719E5-C1F3-8E99-9949-C4F0FD92681D98687infoc&bvc=vod&bw=107051&deadline=1695874583&e=ig8euxZM2rNcNbdlhoNvNC8BqJIzNbfqXBvEqxTEto8BTrNvN0GvT90W5JZMkX_YN0MvXg8gNEV4NC8xNEV4N03eN0B5tZlqNxTEto8BTrNvNeZVuJ10Kj_g2UB02J0mN0B5tZlqNCNEto8BTrNvNC7MTX502C8f2jmMQJ6mqF2fka1mqx6gqj0eN0B599M%3D&f=u_0_0&gen=playurlv2&logo=A0000400&mcdnid=11000413&mid=1716139964&nbs=1&nettype=0&oi=3550958494&orderid=0%2C3&os=mcdn&platform=pc&sign=20f269&traceid=trDNtOvronEayd_0_e_N&uipk=5&uparams=e%2Cuipk%2Cnbs%2Cdeadline%2Cgen%2Cos%2Coi%2Ctrid%2Cmid%2Cplatform&upsig=b33a062d8cc1d08690ad8f7d727e5a1f", "base_url": "https://xy182x117x194x4xy.mcdn.xxxxxxxxxx.cn:8082/v1/resource/1267024297-1-100113.m4s?agrr=0&build=0&buvid=423719E5-C1F3-8E99-9949-C4F0FD92681D98687infoc&bvc=vod&bw=107051&deadline=1695874583&e=ig8euxZM2rNcNbdlhoNvNC8BqJIzNbfqXBvEqxTEto8BTrNvN0GvT90W5JZMkX_YN0MvXg8gNEV4NC8xNEV4N03eN0B5tZlqNxTEto8BTrNvNeZVuJ10Kj_g2UB02J0mN0B5tZlqNCNEto8BTrNvNC7MTX502C8f2jmMQJ6mqF2fka1mqx6gqj0eN0B599M%3D&f=u_0_0&gen=playurlv2&logo=A0000400&mcdnid=11000413&mid=1716139964&nbs=1&nettype=0&oi=3550958494&orderid=0%2C3&os=mcdn&platform=pc&sign=20f269&traceid=trDNtOvronEayd_0_e_N&uipk=5&uparams=e%2Cuipk%2Cnbs%2Cdeadline%2Cgen%2Cos%2Coi%2Ctrid%2Cmid%2Cplatform&upsig=b33a062d8cc1d08690ad8f7d727e5a1f", "backupUrl": ["https://xy112x111x47x2xy.mcdn.xxxxxxxxxx.cn:4483/upgcxcode/07/13/1267024297/1267024297-1-100113.m4s?e=ig8euxZM2rNcNbdlhoNvNC8BqJIzNbfqXBvEqxTEto8BTrNvN0GvT90W5JZMkX_YN0MvXg8gNEV4NC8xNEV4N03eN0B5tZlqNxTEto8BTrNvNeZVuJ10Kj_g2UB02J0mN0B5tZlqNCNEto8BTrNvNC7MTX502C8f2jmMQJ6mqF2fka1mqx6gqj0eN0B599M=&uipk=5&nbs=1&deadline=1695874583&gen=playurlv2&os=mcdn&oi=3550958494&trid=00001a6a4eb478e4473c92669eaa7931691bu&mid=1716139964&platform=pc&upsig=b33a062d8cc1d08690ad8f7d727e5a1f&uparams=e,uipk,nbs,deadline,gen,os,oi,trid,mid,platform&mcdnid=11000413&bvc=vod&nettype=0&orderid=0,3&buvid=423719E5-C1F3-8E99-9949-C4F0FD92681D98687infoc&build=0&f=u_0_0&agrr=0&bw=107051&logo=A0000400", "https://upos-sz-mirrorali.xxxxxxxxxx.com/upgcxcode/07/13/1267024297/1267024297-1-100113.m4s?e=ig8euxZM2rNcNbdlhoNvNC8BqJIzNbfqXBvEqxTEto8BTrNvN0GvT90W5JZMkX_YN0MvXg8gNEV4NC8xNEV4N03eN0B5tZlqNxTEto8BTrNvNeZVuJ10Kj_g2UB02J0mN0B5tZlqNCNEto8BTrNvNC7MTX502C8f2jmMQJ6mqF2fka1mqx6gqj0eN0B599M=&uipk=5&nbs=1&deadline=1695874583&gen=playurlv2&os=alibv&oi=3550958494&trid=1a6a4eb478e4473c92669eaa7931691bu&mid=1716139964&platform=pc&upsig=7b626b942dab4437433e276e1dfd6c63&uparams=e,uipk,nbs,deadline,gen,os,oi,trid,mid,platform&bvc=vod&nettype=0&orderid=1,3&buvid=423719E5-C1F3-8E99-9949-C4F0FD92681D98687infoc&build=0&f=u_0_0&agrr=0&bw=107051&logo=40000000"], "backup_url": ["https://xy112x111x47x2xy.mcdn.xxxxxxxxxx.cn:4483/upgcxcode/07/13/1267024297/1267024297-1-100113.m4s?e=ig8euxZM2rNcNbdlhoNvNC8BqJIzNbfqXBvEqxTEto8BTrNvN0GvT90W5JZMkX_YN0MvXg8gNEV4NC8xNEV4N03eN0B5tZlqNxTEto8BTrNvNeZVuJ10Kj_g2UB02J0mN0B5tZlqNCNEto8BTrNvNC7MTX502C8f2jmMQJ6mqF2fka1mqx6gqj0eN0B599M=&uipk=5&nbs=1&deadline=1695874583&gen=playurlv2&os=mcdn&oi=3550958494&trid=00001a6a4eb478e4473c92669eaa7931691bu&mid=1716139964&platform=pc&upsig=b33a062d8cc1d08690ad8f7d727e5a1f&uparams=e,uipk,nbs,deadline,gen,os,oi,trid,mid,platform&mcdnid=11000413&bvc=vod&nettype=0&orderid=0,3&buvid=423719E5-C1F3-8E99-9949-C4F0FD92681D98687infoc&build=0&f=u_0_0&agrr=0&bw=107051&logo=A0000400", "https://upos-sz-mirrorali.xxxxxxxxxx.com/upgcxcode/07/13/1267024297/1267024297-1-100113.m4s?e=ig8euxZM2rNcNbdlhoNvNC8BqJIzNbfqXBvEqxTEto8BTrNvN0GvT90W5JZMkX_YN0MvXg8gNEV4NC8xNEV4N03eN0B5tZlqNxTEto8BTrNvNeZVuJ10Kj_g2UB02J0mN0B5tZlqNCNEto8BTrNvNC7MTX502C8f2jmMQJ6mqF2fka1mqx6gqj0eN0B599M=&uipk=5&nbs=1&deadline=1695874583&gen=playurlv2&os=alibv&oi=3550958494&trid=1a6a4eb478e4473c92669eaa7931691bu&mid=1716139964&platform=pc&upsig=7b626b942dab4437433e276e1dfd6c63&uparams=e,uipk,nbs,deadline,gen,os,oi,trid,mid,platform&bvc=vod&nettype=0&orderid=1,3&buvid=423719E5-C1F3-8E99-9949-C4F0FD92681D98687infoc&build=0&f=u_0_0&agrr=0&bw=107051&logo=40000000"], "bandwidth": 855502, "mimeType": "video/mp4", "mime_type": "video/mp4", "codecs": "hev1.1.6.L150.90", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "frameRate": "23.810", "frame_rate": "23.810", "sar": "1:1", "startWithSap": 1, "start_with_sap": 1, "SegmentBase": { "Initialization": "0-1570", "indexRange": "1571-8935" }, "segment_base": { "initialization": "0-1570", "index_range": "1571-8935" }, "codecid": 12}我们看到有好几个url，实际上用第一个baseUrl即可。
现在我们拿到了视频真实地址，接下来该下载视频了，现在我们需要再回头分析视频下载请求。
先看请求头：
我们构造请求的时候可以把上面这些头都设置上，但是经过我的验证，实际上我们只需要设置下面这几个头即可：
Origin：就设置破站的域名即可
Referer：设置这个视频在浏览器地址栏中的地址即可
User-Agent：设置这个固定值即可
Range：上面截图设置的是bytes=0-1570，这个是咋回事？
观察一下上面的json，看到了吧，就设置为这个值就可以了。
是不是万事大吉了呢？根据以上思路，我构造了个请求试了下，果然还有问题，为啥？显然是Range：bytes=0-1570的问题。
不过，在这个请求的应答头里面，可以找到答案：
很显然，这个值就是视频的完整大小，所以，咱们设置为Range：bytes=0-3098152。果然，下载下来了完整视频。
所以，我们的逻辑应该是，先设置Range：bytes=0-1570，请求一次，从这次请求的应答头中找到Content-Range，拿到视频的总大小3098152。再请求一次，设置Range：bytes=0-3098152，这次的应答，便是完整的视频文件了。
现在总该万事大吉了吧？打开视频检验一下。还是有点不对劲，只有人像，没有声音。
3、下载声音文件
再回看前面的完整json，视频文件信息是从data.dash.video路径下面找到的，我们看到还有一个data.dash.audio路径，显然，这是声音文件。
所以说破站是视频、音频分离的。
接下来我们还要把音频文件下载下来，下载过程跟上面视频文件是一致的，这里不再啰嗦了。
四、程序实现
代码基于SpringBoot，开发一个Web程序，部署到云服务器，供用户下载视频。
1、拿到完整json
根据前面的分析，我们首先请求视频在浏览器地址栏中的地址，拿到html。然后从html中拿到json，最后从json中拿到视频信息和音频信息，代码如下：
logger.info("开始解析视频地址：{}",url);String html = restTemplate.getForObject(url,String.class);String regex = "(?<=window.__playinfo__=).*?(?=)";Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(regex);Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(html);if (matcher.find()) { String jsonStr = matcher.group(); JSON json = JSONUtil.parse(jsonStr); JSONArray videoList = (JSONArray)json.getByPath("data.dash.video"); JSONArray audioList = (JSONArray)json.getByPath("data.dash.audio");}2、下载视频文件
for (Object video:videoList){ JSONObject map = (JSONObject)video; String videoUrl = map.get("baseUrl").toString(); String segmentInit = map.getByPath("SegmentBase.Initialization").toString(); RequestCallback requestCallback = new RequestCallback() { @Override public void doWithRequest(ClientHttpRequest clientHttpRequest) throws IOException { clientHttpRequest.getHeaders().add("Referer",url); clientHttpRequest.getHeaders().add("User-Agent","Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.163 Safari/537.36"); clientHttpRequest.getHeaders().add("Range","bytes="+segmentInit); } }; ResponseExtractor responseExtractor = new ResponseExtractor() { @Override public String extractData(ClientHttpResponse clientHttpResponse) throws IOException { return clientHttpResponse.getHeaders().get("Content-Range").get(0).split("/")[1]; } }; Object videoSize = restTemplate.execute(videoUrl, HttpMethod.GET,requestCallback,responseExtractor); logger.info("视频地址：{}",videoUrl); logger.info("视频大小：{}",videoSize); RequestCallback videoRequestCallback = new RequestCallback() { @Override public void doWithRequest(ClientHttpRequest clientHttpRequest) throws IOException { clientHttpRequest.getHeaders().add("Referer",url); clientHttpRequest.getHeaders().add("User-Agent","Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.163 Safari/537.36"); clientHttpRequest.getHeaders().add("Range","bytes=0-"+videoSize); } }; String fileName = StringUtils.substringBefore(videoUrl,".m4s"); fileName = StringUtils.substringAfterLast(fileName,"/"); final String finalFileName = fileName +".mp4"; ResponseExtractor videoResponseExtractor = new ResponseExtractor() { @Override public Boolean extractData(ClientHttpResponse clientHttpResponse) throws IOException { OutputStream output = null; try { output = new FileOutputStream(dir+ finalFileName); logger.info("开始下载视频文件：{}",finalFileName); IOUtils.copy(clientHttpResponse.getBody(),output); logger.info("视频文件下载完成：{}",finalFileName); return Boolean.TRUE; }catch (Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); return Boolean.FALSE; }finally { if (output != null){ output.close(); } } } }; Object result = restTemplate.execute(videoUrl, HttpMethod.GET,videoRequestCallback,videoResponseExtractor); if ((Boolean)result){ videoFile = finalFileName; break; }}3、下载音频文件
与下载视频文件逻辑一致，不再贴出。
4、视频音频合并
上面的步骤把视频和音频文件都下载下来了，我们需要将这俩合并成一个文件。
百度搜索一个叫ffmpeg的东西，这是个武功高强的音视频处理工具，具体有多高强呢，我估计有三四层楼那么高。
使用这个工具合并音频视频，正常是在命令行中这么用：
ffmpeg -i 视频文件名.mp4 -i 音频文件名.mp3 -c:v copy -c:a copy 输出文件名.mp4集成到java代码中，其实就是执行上面的命令即可：
List commands = new ArrayList();commands.add(ffmpegPath);commands.add("-i");commands.add(dir+videoFile);commands.add("-i");commands.add(dir+audioFile);commands.add("-c:v");commands.add("copy");commands.add("-c:a");commands.add("copy");commands.add(dir+"final-file.mp4");logger.info("开始合成视频音频");ProcessBuilder builder = new ProcessBuilder();builder.command(commands);try { builder.inheritIO().start().waitFor(); logger.info("视频合成完成");} catch (InterruptedException | IOException e) { logger.info("视频合成失败：{}", ExceptionUtils.getStackTrace(e));}5、文件下载
从用户使用的角度来看，整个流程是这样：
1）输入视频地址
2）后台将对应的视频音频下载并合并成最终mp4文件，保存在磁盘
3）返回保存在磁盘上的mp4文件名，并提示用户是否要下载该视频
4）用户确定后，将3中返回的文件名回传给后台，后台找到文件磁盘保存地址，并下载
下面是下载的相应代码：
logger.info("下载视频文件：{}",file);if (StringUtils.isEmpty(file)){ return;}String[] arr = file.split("_");if (arr.length != 2){ return;}String filePath = baseDir+File.separator+arr[0]+File.separator+arr[1];if (!FileUtil.exist(filePath)){ return;}HttpFile.downloadFile(arr[1],filePath,response);FileUtil.del(baseDir+File.separator+arr[0]);五、部署到云服务器
我手上本来就有一台腾讯云服务器，直接拿来用即可。作为一个程序员，云服务器现在应该是标配了，学生可以用来学习，菜鸟可以用来练手，老鸟玩点有趣的东西偶尔赚点小钱。你如果想买一台云服务器来玩儿，下面是直达腾讯云优惠专区的链接：
https://cloud.tencent.com/act/cps/redirect?redirect=5186&cps_key=814b8b5d55ef58acc94a1b6bf43d5a2b&from=console
1、打包
maven命令随便打个包吧：mvn clean package，或者在你的IDE上双击一下某个按钮。
2、上传
连上你的服务器，把jar包扔上去。这里推荐一个工具：FinalShell，集shell和ftp于一体，非常方便。
3、启动
端口默认配置的30016，可以根据需要进行修改。通过以下命令就可以愉快的启动服务了：
nohup java -jar xxxxxxxx.jar >/dev/null 2>&1 &4、安装ffmpeg
上面提到，破站是视频、音频分离的，所以程序中需要调用ffmpeg这个工具将视频和音频文件进行合并。ffmpeg工具的安装方法可自行搜索，这不是本文重点。
5、验证一下
目前，可以通过http://服务器公网ip:30016 的方式在全世界每个角落进行访问了。当然，你也可以申请一个域名。
我把这个程序部署到了腾讯云上，试试效果：http://106.53.17.139:30016/
源码请猛点（0积分）：https://download.csdn.net/download/u012071890/88403445
或者到这里获取：https://github.com/shenmejianghu/bili-downloader
编译完jar包赶紧扔你的服务器上，开启你的“装13”加“年入千万”之旅吧。
注：本代码基于破站鬼畜视频模块抓包分析，不一定适用于所有模块，可自行分析扩展代码，原理相通。
六、总结
整个开发过程结束了，这其中最重要的环节是抓包分析的过程，如果这个过程搞定了，剩下的编码工作量其实很小。
最后，恳请大家不要乱来，千万别给我上Jmeter，如果给我干崩了，我可拿你没办法。学习交流使用，真的不要乱来哦。