Nginx安装配置详解、Nginx配置https反向代理示例
Nginx 安装
软硬件环境：CentOS 7.6_64位
安装依赖环境
yum -y install make zlib zlib-devel gcc-c++ libtool openssl openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel查看pcre版本
[root@yaenli pcre]# pcre-config --version安装Nginx
下载Nginx安装包：手动从官网地址 nginx: download，下载安装包上传至服务器目录或者采用如下命令
[root@yaenli src]# cd /usr/local/src/[root@yaenli src]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.22.0.tar.gz解压安装包
[root@yaenli src]# tar zxvf nginx-1.22.0.tar.gz进入安装目录执行配置命令创建makefile文件
[root@yaenli src]# cd nginx-1.22.0./configure \--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \--with-http_stub_status_module \--with-http_ssl_module \--with-http_v2_module \--with-pcre注1：\ 代表在命令行中换行，用于提高可读性
注2：configure参数官方说明：Building nginx from Sources
部分模块说明：（后续可以根据需要依据此参数增减模块）
http_ssl_module：用于支持https
http_v2_module：用于支持HTTP/2
配置结果：
Configuration summary + using system PCRE library + using system OpenSSL library + using system zlib library nginx path prefix: "/usr/local/nginx" nginx binary file: "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx" nginx modules path: "/usr/local/nginx/modules" nginx configuration prefix: "/usr/local/nginx/conf" nginx configuration file: "/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf" nginx pid file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid" nginx error log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log" nginx http access log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log" nginx http client request body temporary files: "client_body_temp" nginx http proxy temporary files: "proxy_temp" nginx http fastcgi temporary files: "fastcgi_temp" nginx http uwsgi temporary files: "uwsgi_temp" nginx http scgi temporary files: "scgi_temp"编译安装
[root@yaenli nginx-1.22.0]# make && make install查看Nginx版本
[root@yaenli nginx-1.22.0]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -V至此，安装完成。
Nginx 配置
使用NGINXConfig完成配置工作。
NGINXConfig是一个在线的可视化的Nginx配置工具，地址：NGINXConfig | DigitalOcean
使用配置方法：
进入你的 NGINX服务器上的配置目录:
cd /usr/local/nginx/conf创建当前NGINX配置的备份:
tar -czvf nginx_$(date +'%F_%H-%M-%S').tar.gz nginx.conf sites-available/ sites-enabled/ nginxconfig.io/使用tar解压新的配置文件（从NGINXConfig上下载）
tar -xzvf nginxconfig.io-example.com.tar.gz | xargs chmod 0644服务器上运行此命令生成Diffie-Hellman keys:
openssl dhparam -out /usr/local/nginx/conf/dhparam.pem 2048重新加载NGINX以载入新的配置:
sudo nginx -t && sudo systemctl reload nginx
https的反向代理配置示例
单应用的https反向代理，采用模块化配置方法：Nginx配置示例
示例的具体配置文件内容如下：
- /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
# Generated by nginxconfig.io# See nginxconfig.txt for the configuration share linkuser root;pid /run/nginx.pid;worker_processes auto;worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;# Load modulesinclude /usr/local/nginx/conf/modules-enabled/*.conf;events { multi_accept on; worker_connections 65535;}http { charset utf-8; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; server_tokens off; log_not_found off; types_hash_max_size 2048; types_hash_bucket_size 64; client_max_body_size 16M; # MIME include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; # Logging access_log logs/access.log; error_log logs/error.log warn; # SSL ssl_session_timeout 1d; ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m; ssl_session_tickets off; # Diffie-Hellman parameter for DHE ciphersuites ssl_dhparam /usr/local/nginx/conf/dhparam.pem; # Mozilla Intermediate configuration ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3; ssl_ciphers ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384; # OCSP Stapling ssl_stapling on; ssl_stapling_verify on; resolver 1.1.1.1 1.0.0.1 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4 208.67.222.222 208.67.220.220 valid=60s; resolver_timeout 2s; # Connection header for WebSocket reverse proxy map $http_upgrade $connection_upgrade { default upgrade; "" close; } map $remote_addr $proxy_forwarded_elem { # IPv4 addresses can be sent as-is ~^[0-9.]+$ "for=$remote_addr"; # IPv6 addresses need to be bracketed and quoted ~^[0-9A-Fa-f:.]+$ "for=\"[$remote_addr]\""; # Unix domain socket names cannot be represented in RFC 7239 syntax default "for=unknown"; } map $http_forwarded $proxy_add_forwarded { # If the incoming Forwarded header is syntactically valid, append to it "~^(,[ \\t]*)*([!#$%&'*+.^_`|~0-9A-Za-z-]+=([!#$%&'*+.^_`|~0-9A-Za-z-]+|\"([\\t \\x21\\x23-\\x5B\\x5D-\\x7E\\x80-\\xFF]|\\\\[\\t \\x21-\\x7E\\x80-\\xFF])*\"))?(;([!#$%&'*+.^_`|~0-9A-Za-z-]+=([!#$%&'*+.^_`|~0-9A-Za-z-]+|\"([\\t \\x21\\x23-\\x5B\\x5D-\\x7E\\x80-\\xFF]|\\\\[\\t \\x21-\\x7E\\x80-\\xFF])*\"))?)*([ \\t]*,([ \\t]*([!#$%&'*+.^_`|~0-9A-Za-z-]+=([!#$%&'*+.^_`|~0-9A-Za-z-]+|\"([\\t \\x21\\x23-\\x5B\\x5D-\\x7E\\x80-\\xFF]|\\\\[\\t \\x21-\\x7E\\x80-\\xFF])*\"))?(;([!#$%&'*+.^_`|~0-9A-Za-z-]+=([!#$%&'*+.^_`|~0-9A-Za-z-]+|\"([\\t \\x21\\x23-\\x5B\\x5D-\\x7E\\x80-\\xFF]|\\\\[\\t \\x21-\\x7E\\x80-\\xFF])*\"))?)*)?)*$" "$http_forwarded, $proxy_forwarded_elem"; # Otherwise, replace it default "$proxy_forwarded_elem"; } # Load configs include /usr/local/nginx/conf/conf.d/*.conf; include /usr/local/nginx/conf/sites-enabled/*;}- /usr/local/nginx/conf/sites-enabled/example.com.conf
server { listen 443 ssl; listen [::]:443 ssl; server_name example.com; # SSL ssl_certificate /usr/local/nginx/conf/ssl/example.com.crt; ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/nginx/conf/ssl/example.com.key; # security include nginxconfig.io/security.conf; # logging access_log logs/example.com.access.log; error_log logs/example.com.error.log warn; # reverse proxy location / { proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:3000; proxy_set_header Host $host; include nginxconfig.io/proxy.conf; } # additional config include nginxconfig.io/general.conf;}# HTTP redirectserver { listen 80; listen [::]:80; server_name example.com; return 301 https://example.com$request_uri;}- /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginxconfig.io/security.conf
# security headersadd_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always;add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always;add_header Referrer-Policy "no-referrer-when-downgrade" always;add_header Content-Security-Policy "default-src 'self' http: https: ws: wss: data: blob: 'unsafe-inline'; frame-ancestors 'self';" always;add_header Permissions-Policy "interest-cohort=()" always;# . fileslocation ~ /\.(?!well-known) { deny all;}- /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginxconfig.io/general.conf
# favicon.icolocation = /favicon.ico { log_not_found off; access_log off;}# robots.txtlocation = /robots.txt { log_not_found off; access_log off;}# gzipgzip on;gzip_vary on;gzip_proxied any;gzip_comp_level 6;gzip_types text/plain text/css text/xml application/json application/javascript application/rss+xml application/atom+xml image/svg+xml;- /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginxconfig.io/proxy.conf
proxy_http_version 1.1;proxy_cache_bypass $http_upgrade;# Proxy SSLproxy_ssl_server_name on;# Proxy headersproxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;proxy_set_header Connection $connection_upgrade;proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;proxy_set_header Forwarded $proxy_add_forwarded;proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $host;proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Port $server_port;# Proxy timeoutsproxy_connect_timeout 60s;proxy_send_timeout 60s;proxy_read_timeout 60s;- /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginxconfig.txt
https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tools/nginx?domains.0.server.documentRoot=%2Fnccloud&domains.0.server.redirectSubdomains=false&domains.0.https.http2=false&domains.0.https.hsts=false&domains.0.https.certType=custom&domains.0.php.php=false&domains.0.reverseProxy.reverseProxy=true&domains.0.routing.root=false&domains.0.routing.index=index.html&domains.0.routing.fallbackHtml=true&domains.0.logging.accessLog=true&domains.0.logging.errorLog=true&global.logging.accessLog=logs%2Faccess.log&global.logging.errorLog=logs%2Ferror.log%20warn&global.nginx.nginxConfigDirectory=%2Fusr%2Flocal%2Fnginx%2Fconf%2F&global.nginx.user=root&global.tools.symlinkVhost=false&global.app.lang=zhCN检查配置文件正确性
[root@yaenli conf]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -tNginx 启停
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx # 启动 Nginx/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload # 重新载入配置文件/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reopen # 重启 Nginx/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop # 停止 Nginx