1 两个视图基类
# APIView--->之前一直在用---》drf提供的最顶层的父类---》以后所有视图类，都继承自它# GenericAPIView--》继承自APIView--》封装1.1 继承APIView+序列化类+Response写接口
urls.py–子路由–app01–urls.py
from django.contrib import adminfrom django.urls import path,includefrom app01 import viewsurlpatterns = [ path('books/',views.BookView.as_view()), path('books//',views.BookDetaiView.as_view())]序列化类
serializer.pyfrom rest_framework import serializersfrom .models import Bookclass BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model=Book # 'publish', 'authors'反序列化 fields=['id','name','price','publish','authors','author_list','publish_detail'] extra_kwars={ 'publish':{'weite_only':True}, 'authors':{'weite_only':True}, 'author_list':{'read_only':True}, 'publish_detail':{'read_only':True}, }表模型
from django.db import models# Create your models here.from django.db import modelsclass Book(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=32) price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2) publish = models.ForeignKey(to='Publish', on_delete=models.CASCADE) authors = models.ManyToManyField(to='Author') @property def publish_detail(self): return {'name': self.publish.name, 'city': self.publish.city} @property def author_list(self): l = [] for author in self.authors.all(): l.append({'name': author.name, 'age': author.age}) return l def __str__(self): return self.nameclass Author(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=32) age = models.IntegerField() author_detail = models.OneToOneField(to='AuthorDetail', on_delete=models.CASCADE) def __str__(self): return self.nameclass AuthorDetail(models.Model): telephone = models.BigIntegerField() birthday = models.DateField() addr = models.CharField(max_length=64)class Publish(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=32) city = models.CharField(max_length=32) email = models.EmailField() def __str__(self): return self.name class Meta: verbose_name = '出版社' verbose_name_plural = verbose_name视图类
from .serializer import BookSerializerfrom rest_framework.views import APIViewfrom rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIViewfrom .models import Bookfrom rest_framework.response import Responseclass BookView(APIView): def get(self, request): booklist = Book.objects.all() ser = BookSerializer(instance=booklist, many=True) return Response(ser.data) def post(self, request): ser = BookSerializer(data=request.data) if ser.is_valid(): ser.save() return Response(ser.data) else: return Response(ser.errors)class BookDetaiView(APIView): def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs): book = Book.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get('pk')).first() ser = BookSerializer(instance=book, data=request.data) if ser.is_valid(): ser.save() return Response(ser.data) else: return Response(ser.errors) def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): book = Book.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get('pk')).first() ser = BookSerializer(instance=book) return Response(ser.data) def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs): Book.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get('pk')).first() return Response('')1.2 继承GenericAPIView+序列化类+Response写接口
#第二层继承GenericAPIView+序列化类+Response写接口from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIViewclass BookView(GenericAPIView): # 先配置两个类属性#用的话必须写 queryset =Book.objects.all() serializer_class = BookSerializer def get(self, request): object_list = self.get_queryset()#获取所有要序列化的数据 ser = self.get_serializer(instance=object_list, many=True)#获取序列化类 return Response(ser.data) def post(self, request): ser = self.get_serializer(data=request.data) if ser.is_valid(): ser.save() return Response(ser.data) else: return Response(ser.errors)class BookDetaiView(GenericAPIView): # 先配置两个类属性 queryset = Book.objects.all() serializer_class = BookSerializer def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # book = Book.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get('pk')).first() obj=self.get_object()#获取单条数据--》内部就是按pk从request中获取，取除pk对应的值，查询 ser = self.get_serializer(instance=obj, data=request.data) if ser.is_valid(): ser.save() return Response(ser.data) else: return Response(ser.errors) def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # book = Book.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get('pk')).first() obj=self.get_object() ser = self.get_serializer(instance=obj) return Response(ser.data) def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # Book.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get('pk')).first() self.get_object().delete() return Response('')快速实现publish的5个接口
只需要修改视图类上的两个类属性即可，其他的不用动
urls.py
from django.contrib import adminfrom django.urls import path,includefrom app01 import viewsurlpatterns = [ #path('books/',views.BookView.as_view()), #path('books//',views.BookDetaiView.as_view()), path('publish/',views.PublishView.as_view()), path('publish//',views.PublishDetaiView.as_view())]views.py
#快速实现publish的5个接口from .models import Publishfrom .serializer import PublishSerializerclass PublishView(GenericAPIView): # 先配置两个类属性#用的话必须写 queryset =Publish.objects.all() serializer_class = PublishSerializer def get(self, request): # object_list = self.queryset.all() # 获取所有要序列化的数据 # #1 写成方法的目的--》调用all() # #2 子类可以重写这个方法--》返回什么，待序列化的数据就是什么 # object_list = self.get_queryset() # 获取所有要序列化的数据 object_list = self.get_queryset()#获取所有要序列化的数据 ser = self.get_serializer(instance=object_list, many=True)#获取序列化类 # 本质就是---》 self.serializer_class(instance=object_list, many=True) return Response(ser.data) def post(self, request): ser = self.get_serializer(data=request.data) if ser.is_valid(): ser.save() return Response(ser.data) else: return Response(ser.errors)class PublishDetaiView(GenericAPIView): # 先配置两个类属性 queryset = Publish.objects.all() serializer_class = PublishSerializer def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # book = Book.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get('pk')).first() obj=self.get_object()#获取单条数据--》内部就是按pk从request中获取，取除pk对应的值，查询 ser = self.get_serializer(instance=obj, data=request.data) if ser.is_valid(): ser.save() return Response(ser.data) else: return Response(ser.errors) def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # book = Book.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get('pk')).first() obj=self.get_object() ser = self.get_serializer(instance=obj) return Response(ser.data) def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # Book.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get('pk')).first() self.get_object().delete() return Response('')serializer.py
class PublishSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = Publish fields = "__all__"继承GenericAPIView的写法
-1 在类中，写两个类属性：所有数据，序列化类 queryset = Book.objects.all() serializer_class = BookSerializer -2 获取所有要序列化的数据 self.get_queryset() -3 获取序列化类 self.get_serializer(参数跟之前一样) -4 获取单挑 self.get_object()GenericAPIView源码分析
-1 继承了APIView-2 有些类属性--》目前只记住两个queryset，serializer_classqueryset # 要序列化的所有数据 serializer_class # 序列化类 lookup_field = 'pk' # 查询单条，前端传入的参数对应值【pk】，转换器 filter_backends # 后续要学的，过滤 pagination_class # 后续要学的，分页 -3 有些对象方法 -get_queryset： 返回待序列化的数据 1 调用 .all 2 在子类中重写，控制要序列化的数据 -get_serializer： 返回 序列化类 以后用它 -本质就是---》 self.serializer_class(instance=object_list, many=True) -内部调用了：self.get_serializer_class -后期在子类中重写get_serializer_class，返回什么序列化类，以后就以哪个序列化类做序列化 - get_serializer_class 它是用来重写的 def get_serializer_class(self): if self.request.method=='GET': return '序列化的类' else: return '反序列化的类' -get_object 获取单条---》根据它：lookup_field 获取 第三层:继承 GenericAPIView+5个视图扩展类+序列化类+Response
5个视图扩展类(不是视图类–》没有继承APIView及其子类，不能单独用，需要配合GenericAPIView)—》每个分别写的5个接口中得某一个方法
from rest_framework.mixins import CreateModelMixin, ListModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin, \ DestroyModelMixin #CreateModelMixin 新增#ListModelMixin 查询所有#RetrieveModelMixin 查询单条#UpdateModelMixin 修改# DestroyModelMixin 销毁views.py
from rest_framework.mixins import CreateModelMixin, ListModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin, \ DestroyModelMixinclass BookView(GenericAPIView,CreateModelMixin,ListModelMixin): # 先配置两个类属性#用的话必须写 queryset =Book.objects.all() serializer_class = BookSerializer def get(self, request): # object_list = self.get_queryset()#获取所有要序列化的数据 # ser = self.get_serializer(instance=object_list, many=True)#获取序列化类 # return Response(ser.data) return super().list(request) def post(self, request): # 做保存，加了这一句---》目的是：子类可以重写,增强扩展性 # self.perform_create(serializer) return super().list(request)class BookDetailView(GenericAPIView, RetrieveModelMixin, DestroyModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin): queryset = Book.objects.all() serializer_class = BookSerializer def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return super().update(request, *args, **kwargs) def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return super().retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs) def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return super().destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)9个视图子类
第四层：9个视图子类—》视图类
#CreateModelMixin 新增#ListModelMixin 查询所有# ListCreateAPIView 新增+查询所有#RetrieveModelMixin 查询单条#UpdateModelMixin 修改# DestroyModelMixin 销毁# RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView 查询单条+修改+销毁# RetrieveDestroyAPIView 查询单条+ 销毁# RetrieveUpdateAPIView查询单条+修改# CreateAPIView继承了 GenericAPIView, CreateModelMixin，写了post方法from rest_framework.generics import CreateAPIView,ListAPIView,ListCreateAPIViewfrom rest_framework.generics import RetrieveAPIView,DestroyAPIView,UpdateAPIView,RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIViewfrom rest_framework.generics import RetrieveDestroyAPIView,RetrieveUpdateAPIView#实现class BookView(ListCreateAPIView): # 先配置两个类属性#用的话必须写 queryset =Book.objects.all() serializer_class = BookSerializer class BookDetailView(RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView): queryset = Book.objects.all() serializer_class = BookSerializer # 实现新增,查所有和查询一条# class BookView(ListCreateAPIView):# # 配置两个类属性# queryset = Book.objects.all()# serializer_class = BookSerializer### class BookDetailView(RetrieveAPIView):# queryset = Book.objects.all()# serializer_class = BookSerializer