前言:什么是跨域,网上一搜一大把,所以这里直接跳过,直入主题。

处理方式:不通过后端处理跨域,通过前端+服务器nginx处理。

1.前端涉及处理跨域的必要配置(开发环境、生产环境):vite3、vue3、axios

2.服务器涉及处理跨域的配置(生产环境):nginx【主要用到其配置文件nginx.conf】

3.配置开发环境【跟目录下分别创建:.env.development、.env.production】

.env.development内容如下:

VITE_APP_PROXY_BASE_API='/proxyCustomerApi-dev'

.env.production内容如下:

VITE_APP_PROXY_BASE_API='/proxyCustomerApi-pro'

tips: .env.development、.env.production中的常量命名须以”VITE_”开头,这里定义的常量为VITE_APP_PROXY_BASE_API,值分别为”/proxyCustomerApi-dev”、”/proxyCustomerApi-pro”用以区分开发环境和生产环境,值可自定义为”/+自己想定义的内容”

4.前端vite.config.js中添加如下代码(代码中有相关注释):

import { defineConfig, loadEnv } from 'vite';import vue from '@vitejs/plugin-vue';import * as path from 'path';... ...export default defineConfig((env) => {// 获取到当前开发模式(dev/pro)下对应的环境文件对象值const evnMap = loadEnv(env.mode, process.cwd());// console.log(`evnMap = ${JSON.stringify(evnMap)}`);return {... ...server: {host: '0.0.0.0', // ip地址port: 8088, // 启动端口// 反向代理配置,注意rewrite写法,开始没看文档在这里踩了坑proxy: {// 本地开发环境通过代理实现跨域,生产环境使用 nginx 转发// 对应项目根目录 - [.env.development、.env.production]文件中的值[evnMap.VITE_APP_PROXY_BASE_API]: {target: 'http://xxx.xx.xx.xx:27005', // 请求报跨域错误的接口域名地址,真实请求地址changeOrigin: true, // 支持跨域rewrite: (path) =>path.replace(new RegExp('^' + evnMap.VITE_APP_PROXY_BASE_API), ''), // 重写真实路径,替换/apibypass: (req, res, options) => {const proxyUrl = options.target + options.rewrite(req.url);console.log(`真实请求的完整地址proxyUrl: ${proxyUrl}`);},},},},};});

5.在自己封装好的axios js文件中修改下axios.create中的配置,代码如下:

const http = axios.create({// baseURL: DOMAIN,// import.meta.env.VITE_APP_PROXY_BASE_API 对应项目根目录 - [.env.development、.env.production]文件中的值baseURL: import.meta.env.VITE_APP_PROXY_BASE_API,timeout: 600000,... ...});export default http;

6.在自己出现跨域报错的接口处修改成类似如下代码片段:

export const chatHistoryRecordApi = {// 获取所有客服与用户对话列表getAllCustomerChatListPage: (params) => {return http({// import.meta.env.VITE_APP_PROXY_BASE_API 对应项目根目录 - [.env.development、.env.production]文件中的值baseURL: import.meta.env.VITE_APP_PROXY_BASE_API,url: `/customer/allChatList`,method: 'get',params,});},// 查询指定对话的聊天历史记录queryCurrentChatHistory: (params) => {return http({// import.meta.env.VITE_APP_PROXY_BASE_API 对应项目根目录 - [.env.development、.env.production]文件中的值baseURL: import.meta.env.VITE_APP_PROXY_BASE_API,url: `/customer/chatHistory`,method: 'get',params,});},};

至此前端跨域配置部分处理完成,可以调试开发环境【本地调试】了。

确保根目录下的package.json文件中存在scripts标签配置:

{"name": "hrosass","private": true,"version": "0.0.0","type": "module","scripts": {// dev、build系统会默认添加--mode production/development环境配置// "dev": "vite" =》"dev": "vite --mode development"// "build": "vite build" =》"build": "vite build --mode production""dev": "vite","build": "vite build",... ...},"dependencies": {... ...},"devDependencies": {... ...},"main": "index.js",... ...}

本地调试命令行中执行(我项目是用的yarn来运行):yarn run dev,发现接口可以请求拿到数据了。但在线上生产环境下还是会报错,如果只需要本地调试那到这里就完成了!!!

接下来处理生产环境(线上模式)下的跨域报错问题,由于刚刚前端的配置中已经加上了对生产环境的代理配置,其实也就是根目录下的这个文件【.env.production】。

7.本地连接上服务器,且服务器已配置好Nginx,找到Nginx的运行配置文件【nginx.conf】,内容大致如下(注意看注释):

# For more information on configuration, see:# * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/# * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/user nginx;worker_processes auto;error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;pid /run/nginx.pid;# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/doc/nginx/README.dynamic.include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;events {worker_connections 1024;}http {log_formatmain'$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ''$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ''"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';access_log/var/log/nginx/access.logmain;sendfileon;tcp_nopushon;tcp_nodelay on;keepalive_timeout 65;types_hash_max_size 4096;client_max_body_size 20M;include /etc/nginx/mime.types;default_typeapplication/octet-stream;# Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.# See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include# for more information.include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;map $http_upgrade $connection_upgrade {default upgrade;'' close;}# 加载vue前端项目的serverserver {listen 3004; # 端口server_namelocalhost; # 域名location / {root/home/view/wallet/dist/; # 打包vue项目后的dist存放路径indexindex.html index.htm; # 加载入口html文件try_files$uri$uri//index.html;}error_page 500 502 503 504/50x.html;location = /50x.html {root html;}}# Settings for a TLS enabled server.##server {#listen 443 ssl http2;#listen [::]:443 ssl http2;#server_name_;#root /usr/share/nginx/html;##ssl_certificate "/etc/pki/nginx/server.crt";#ssl_certificate_key "/etc/pki/nginx/private/server.key";#ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;#ssl_session_timeout10m;#ssl_ciphers PROFILE=SYSTEM;#ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;### Load configuration files for the default server block.#include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;##error_page 404 /404.html;#location = /40x.html {#}##error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;#location = /50x.html {#}#}}

8.往server {location / { } }下边添加如下location反向代理配置(注意看注释):

# /proxyCustomerApi-pro为前端 .env.production中的指定的值location /proxyCustomerApi-pro {# 解决跨域add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' '*' always;add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Credentials' 'true' always;add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Methods' 'GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, OPTIONS' always;add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Headers' 'Authorization,Refreshtoken,DNT,X-Mx-ReqToken,Keep-Alive,User-Agent,X-Requested-With,If-Modified-Since,Cache-Control,Content-Type' always;# 设置 options 请求处理if ($request_method = 'OPTIONS') {add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' '*' always;add_header 'Access-Control-Max-Age' 1728000 always;add_header 'Content-Type' 'text/plain; charset=utf-8' always;add_header 'Content-Length' 0 always;# 对于Options方式的请求返回200或其它码,表示接受跨域请求return 200;}# 设置反向代理 http://://xxx.xx.xx.xx:27005不加/会拼上/proxyCustomerApi-pro 加/不会拼/proxyCustomerApi-pro 由于真实接口请求中没有/proxyCustomerApi-pro这段 这里不需要拼上 代理服务地址后应添加/ http://xxx.xx.xx.xx:27005/proxy_pass http://://xxx.xx.xx.xx:27005/; # 后端API地址 引起跨域报错的api请求地址proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;proxy_set_header Host $http_host;proxy_set_header X-NginX-Proxy true;proxy_http_version 1.1;proxy_connect_timeout 600;proxy_read_timeout 600;proxy_send_timeout 600;proxy_buffer_size 64k;proxy_buffers 4 64k;proxy_busy_buffers_size 128k;proxy_temp_file_write_size 128k;# 缓存时间,单位秒。这里设置的是6小时expires 21600s;# 收到304响应后,再次请求的时间间隔proxy_cache_valid 200 304 12h;}

9.配置后的nginx.conf完整内容如下:

# For more information on configuration, see:# * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/# * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/user nginx;worker_processes auto;error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;pid /run/nginx.pid;# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/doc/nginx/README.dynamic.include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;events {worker_connections 1024;}http {log_formatmain'$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ''$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ''"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';access_log/var/log/nginx/access.logmain;sendfileon;tcp_nopushon;tcp_nodelay on;keepalive_timeout 65;types_hash_max_size 4096;client_max_body_size 20M;include /etc/nginx/mime.types;default_typeapplication/octet-stream;# Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.# See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include# for more information.include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;map $http_upgrade $connection_upgrade {default upgrade;'' close;}# 加载vue前端项目的serverserver {listen 3004; # 端口server_namelocalhost; # 域名location / {root/home/view/wallet/dist/; # 打包vue项目后的dist存放路径indexindex.html index.htm; # 加载入口html文件try_files$uri$uri//index.html;}# /proxyCustomerApi-pro为前端 .env.production中的指定的值location /proxyCustomerApi-pro {# 解决跨域add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' '*' always;add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Credentials' 'true' always;add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Methods' 'GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, OPTIONS' always;add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Headers' 'Authorization,Refreshtoken,DNT,X-Mx-ReqToken,Keep-Alive,User-Agent,X-Requested-With,If-Modified-Since,Cache-Control,Content-Type' always;# 设置 options 请求处理if ($request_method = 'OPTIONS') {add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' '*' always;add_header 'Access-Control-Max-Age' 1728000 always;add_header 'Content-Type' 'text/plain; charset=utf-8' always;add_header 'Content-Length' 0 always;# 对于Options方式的请求返回200或其它码,表示接受跨域请求return 200;}# 设置反向代理 http://://xxx.xx.xx.xx:27005不加/会拼上/proxyCustomerApi-pro 加/不会拼/proxyCustomerApi-pro 由于真实接口请求中没有/proxyCustomerApi-pro这段 这里不需要拼上 代理服务地址后应添加/ http://xxx.xx.xx.xx:27005/proxy_pass http://://xxx.xx.xx.xx:27005/; # 后端API地址 引起跨域报错的api请求地址proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;proxy_set_header Host $http_host;proxy_set_header X-NginX-Proxy true;proxy_http_version 1.1;proxy_connect_timeout 600;proxy_read_timeout 600;proxy_send_timeout 600;proxy_buffer_size 64k;proxy_buffers 4 64k;proxy_busy_buffers_size 128k;proxy_temp_file_write_size 128k;# 缓存时间,单位秒。这里设置的是6小时expires 21600s;# 收到304响应后,再次请求的时间间隔proxy_cache_valid 200 304 12h;}error_page 500 502 503 504/50x.html;location = /50x.html {root html;}}# Settings for a TLS enabled server.##server {#listen 443 ssl http2;#listen [::]:443 ssl http2;#server_name_;#root /usr/share/nginx/html;##ssl_certificate "/etc/pki/nginx/server.crt";#ssl_certificate_key "/etc/pki/nginx/private/server.key";#ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;#ssl_session_timeout10m;#ssl_ciphers PROFILE=SYSTEM;#ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;### Load configuration files for the default server block.#include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;##error_page 404 /404.html;#location = /40x.html {#}##error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;#location = /50x.html {#}#}}

10.执行nginx命令【sudo service nginx reload】使配置生效,至此线上生产环境跨域配置完成。

调试线上跨域问题是否解决,前端项目执行:yarn run build打包线上版本生成dist文件夹并上传到服务器,刷新线上网址发现接口可以请求拿到数据了。