【数据库】 mysql的四种安装方式

目录

MySQL 安装部署

一，仓库安装

二，本地安装

三，容器安装

四，源码安装

MySQL 安装部署

一，仓库安装

1，使用rpm命令从指定的网址装包

​[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rpm -ivh https://repo.mysql.com//mysql80-community-release-el9-1.noarch.rpm​

2，查看已经安装的仓库id和仓库名称，会发现多了以下几个仓库

MySQL Connectors Community； MySQL Tools Community ；MySQL 8.0 Community Server；

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum repolist

3，安装mysql软件

[root@wangjingjing yum.repos.d]# dnf install mysql-server -y

4，运行mysql软件

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# systemctl start mysqld

5，查看mysqld服务的状态

[root@wangjingjing yum.repos.d]# systemctl status mysqld

6，在/var/log/mysqld.log目录下面查看数据库root的临时密码

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

7，使用临时密码登录数据库（密码和-p之间不能有空格）

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mysql -uroot -p' 9tJZ4JPtVa,)'

8，必须重置root用户的密码

要求密码至少包含一个大写字母、一个小写字母、一位数字和一个特殊字符，并且密码总长度至少为8个字符。密码和-p不能有空格隔开

mysql> alter user root@localhost identified by 'Admin123!';

9，退出数据库

mysql> exit

10，使用新设置的密码登录数据库

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mysql -uroot -pAdmin123!

11，查看数据库

mysql> show databases;

卸载数据库软件

1，使用命令卸载mysql软件

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# dnf remove mysql-server -y

2，查看是否卸载干净

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rpm -qa | grep mysql

3，把没卸载干净的卸载完

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rpm -e mysql80-community-release-el9-1.noarch

4，清除日志文件

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql /var/log/mysqld.log

二，本地安装

1，新建一个mysql目录，并切换到mydql目录下

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mkdir mysql[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cd mysql

2，下载rpm包

​[root@localhost mysql]# wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar​

3，下载完成后是一个tar包，需要解包

[root@localhost mysql]# tar xf mysql-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

4，解包后会生成许多rpm包

[root@localhost mysql]# ll

5，安装mysql时会用到一些依赖包；安装依赖包（包之间有依赖，一起安装）

[root@localhost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-client-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-common-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-libs-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64.rpm

6，启动mysqld服务

[root@localhost mysql]# systemctl start mysqld

7，查看服务状态

[root@localhost mysql]# systemctl status mysqld

8，查看数据库root的临时密码

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

9，使用临时密码登录数据库

[root@localhost mysql]# mysql -uroot -p'Lf+lN:jqO3;w'

10，设置新密码

要求密码至少包含一个大写字母、一个小写字母、一位数字和一个特殊字符，并且密码总长度至少为8个字符。

密码和-p不能有空格隔开，用单引号引起来

mysql> alter user root@localhost identified by 'Admin123!';

11，退出数据库

mysql> exit

12，使用新密码登录

[root@localhost mysql]# mysql -uroot -p'Admin123!';

13，查看数据库

mysql> show databases;

卸载软件

1，卸载包，卸载时不需要加包名

[root@localhost mysql]# rpm -evh mysql-community-client-plugins mysql-community-common mysql-community-libs mysql-community-client mysql-community-icu-data-files mysql-community-server

2，清除日志文件

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql /var/log/mysqld.log

三，容器安装

1，如果之前安装过容器相关的包；卸载已有的包

[root@localhost mysql]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql /var/log/mysqld.log[root@localhost mysql]# yum remove docker \docker-client \docker-client-latest \docker-common \docker-latest \docker-latest-logrotate \docker-logrotate \docker-engine

2，装容器所需要的依赖包

[root@localhost mysql]# dnf install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2

3，需要写容器的仓库；添加阿里云的仓库

​[root@localhost mysql]# yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo​

4，查看目录/etc/yum.repos.d；会发现多了一个docker-ce.repo

[root@localhost mysql]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d[root@localhost yum.repos.d]#[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ll

5，查看已经安装的仓库id和仓库名称，会发现多了1个仓库

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum repolist

6，修改下载docker的网站，改为阿里云的（国内的比较快）

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's+download.docker.com+mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce+' /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo

7，安装docker–ce时需要替换冲突软件包

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# dnf install docker-ce --allowerasing -y

8，启动docker服务

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# systemctl start docker

9，查看docker服务状态

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# systemctl status docker

10，测试能否正常使用

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# docker run --name mysqltest -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# docker ps

11，进到容器里面操作数据库

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# docker exec -it mysqltest /bin/bashbash-4.4# mysql -uroot -p123456

12，查看数据库

mysql> show databases;

四，源码安装

1，下载源码包

​[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-boost-8.0.32.tar.gz--2023-02-10 09:14:15-- https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-boost-8.0.32.tar.gzResolving cdn.mysql.com (cdn.mysql.com)... 23.36.48.238Connecting to cdn.mysql.com (cdn.mysql.com)|23.36.48.238|:443... connected.HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OKLength: 436207624 (416M) [application/x-tar-gz]Saving to: ‘mysql-boost-8.0.32.tar.gz.1’mysql-boost-8.0.32.tar.gz.1 100%[===================================================>] 416.00M 5.33MB/s in 74s2023-02-10 09:15:30 (5.63 MB/s) - ‘mysql-boost-8.0.32.tar.gz.1’ saved [436207624/436207624]​

2，添加用户和组：

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# groupadd mysqlgroupadd: group 'mysql' already exists[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysqluseradd: user 'mysql' already exists[root@localhost yum.repos.d]#

3，解压包：

[root@localhost mysql-source]# tar xvf mysql-boost-8.0.32.tar.gz.1

4，解压完成后会生成一堆文件在mysql-8.0.32目录下：

[root@localhost mysql-source]# lltotal 425992drwxr-xr-x. 32 7161 31415 4096 Dec 16 23:59 mysql-8.0.32-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 436207624 Dec 16 23:01 mysql-boost-8.0.32.tar.gz.1

5，切换到目录mysql-8.0.32下，可以查看到源码包里面所有的东西

[root@localhost mysql-source]# cd mysql-8.0.32/[root@localhost mysql-8.0.32]# lsboost configure.cmake include libservices packaging share testclientsclient Docs INSTALL LICENSE plugin sql unittestcmake Doxyfile-ignored libbinlogevents man README sql-common utilitiesCMakeLists.txt Doxyfile.in libbinlogstandalone mysql-test router storage viocomponents doxygen_resources libchangestreams MYSQL_VERSION run_doxygen.cmake stringsconfig.h.cmake extra libmysql mysys scripts support-files

6，安装编译器

[root@localhost mysql-8.0.32]# yum install gcc gcc-c++ cmake -yUpdating Subscription Management repositories.Unable to read consumer identityThis system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.MySQL Tools Community 1.3 kB/s | 2.6 kB 00:01baseos 2.7 MB/s | 2.7 kB 00:00AppStream 3.1 MB/s | 3.2 kB 00:00Dependencies resolved.

7，安装编译过程中可能需要的一些库:

[root@localhost mysql-8.0.32]# yum install cmake gcc-toolset-12-gcc gcc-toolset-12-gcc-c++ gcc-toolset-12-binutils openssl-devel ncurses-devel libtirpc rpcgen git -yUpdating Subscription Management repositories.Unable to read consumer identityThis system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.

8，安装包：

​[root@localhost mysql-8.0.32]# rpm -ivh https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos-stream/9-stream/CRB/x86_64/os/Packages/libtirpc-devel-1.3.3-0.el9.x86_64.rpmRetrieving https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos-stream/9-stream/CRB/x86_64/os/Packages/libtirpc-devel-1.3.3-0.el9.x86_64.rpmwarning: /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.xz3G2s: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 8483c65d: NOKEYVerifying... ################################# [100%]Preparing... ################################# [100%]Updating / installing... 1:libtirpc-devel-1.3.3-0.el9 ################################# [100%]​

9，创建一个编译的目录：

[root@localhost mysql-8.0.32]# mkdir bld

[root@localhost mysql-8.0.32]# cd bld

10，编译（注意路径）：

[root@localhost bld]# cmake .. -DWITH_BOOST=../boost/boost_1_77_0/-- Running cmake version 3.20.2-- Found Git: /usr/bin/git (found version "2.31.1")

11，编译

[root@localhost bld]# make

12，安装：把编译的文件拷贝到对应的系统下的目录

[root@localhost bld]# make install

13，切换到目录/usr/local/mysql下

[root@localhost bld]# cd /usr/local/mysql

14，创建目录 mysql-files 用来存储mysql的一些数据

[root@localhost mysql]# mkdir mysql-files

15，修改此目录的所属者与所属组以及此目录的权限，防止mysql读不到，

[root@localhost mysql]# chown mysql:mysql mysql-files[root@localhost mysql]# chmod 750 mysql-files

16，初始化数据库

[root@localhost mysql]# ./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql

17，开启lsl的加密

[root@localhost mysql]# ./bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup

18，获取临时密码

[root@localhost mysql]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log2023-02-07T13:07:17.842453Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: *2D):irrJ_!_

19，使用新密码登录

[root@localhost mysql]# mysql -uroot -p'Admin123!';

20，查看数据库

mysql> show databases;