安装好必要的插件后(如C/C++,code runner等)默认生成task.json即可进行单文件运行
涉及到多文件情况可以修改task.json如下:

{"version": "2.0.0","tasks": [{"type": "cppbuild","label": "C/C++: g++.exe 生成活动文件","command": "D:\\mingw64\\mingw64\\bin\\g++.exe",//g++.exe路径"args": ["-fdiagnostics-color=always","-g","${workspaceFolder}\\*.cpp",//这里修改为现在的所有cpp文件参与构建"-o","${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",],"options": {"cwd": "${fileDirname}"},"problemMatcher": ["$gcc"],"group": {"kind": "build","isDefault": true},"detail": "编译器: \"D:\\mingw64\\mingw64\\bin\\g++.exe\""//g++.exe路径}]}

除此方法还可使用cmake构建