1 简介

Cloud SQL 是GCP上的关系型数据库,常用的有三种方式来创建:

(1) 界面操作

(2) 命令行 gcloud

(3) Terraform

在开始之前,可以查看:《初始化一个GCP项目并用gcloud访问操作》。

2 GCP 操作界面

登陆GCP,选择SQL,可以创建MySQL、PostgreSQL和SQL Server:

以PostgreSQL为例,可以选择很多参数:

3 gcloud命令

通过命令行创建也很方便,可以自动化。命令如下:

$ gcloud sql instances create pkslow-testdb \--database-version=POSTGRES_13 \--region=us-west1 \--cpu=1 \--memory=3840MB \--authorized-networks="0.0.0.0/0" Creating Cloud SQL instance...done.                                                                                                                             Created [https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/pkslow/instances/pkslow-testdb].NAME           DATABASE_VERSION  LOCATION    TIER              PRIMARY_ADDRESS  PRIVATE_ADDRESS  STATUSpkslow-testdb  POSTGRES_13       us-west1-a  db-custom-1-3840  34.83.146.214    -                RUNNABLE

authorized-networks 这个参数很重要,它决定了哪些客户端可以连接上数据库。

设置密码:

$ gcloud sql users set-password postgres \--instance=pkslow-testdb \--password=pkpass

给实例创建数据库:

$ gcloud sql databases create billing --instance=pkslow-testdbCreating Cloud SQL database...done.                                                                                                                             Created database [billing].instance: pkslow-testdbname: billingproject: pkslow

创建完成后,就可以在本地连接了:

连上之后,我们来创建一张表和插入一些数据来测试一下:

CREATE TABLE pkslow_person (                               name varchar not null,                                 age int not null,                                 city varchar not null);insert into pkslow_person(name, age, city) VALUES ('Larry', 1, 'GZ');insert into pkslow_person(name, age, city) VALUES ('pkslow', 2, 'SZ');insert into pkslow_person(name, age, city) VALUES ('Deng', 21, 'SZ');insert into pkslow_person(name, age, city) VALUES ('Eason', 13, 'BJ');insert into pkslow_person(name, age, city) VALUES ('JJ', 43, 'SH');insert into pkslow_person(name, age, city) VALUES ('Mi', 28, 'HK');

查看数据:

4 Terraform

当然,更好的方式还是通过Terraform来创建:

provider "google" {  project     = "pkslow"}resource "google_sql_database_instance" "instance" {  name             = "pkslow-postgresql"  region           = "us-west1"  database_version = "POSTGRES_13"  settings {    tier = "db-f1-micro"    ip_configuration {          ipv4_enabled = "true"          authorized_networks {            value           = "0.0.0.0/0"            name            = "allow-all"            expiration_time = "2099-01-01T00:00:00.000Z"          }        }  }  deletion_protection  = "true"}resource "google_sql_database" "database" {  name     = "billing"  instance = google_sql_database_instance.instance.name}resource "google_sql_user" "users" {  name     = "larry"  instance = google_sql_database_instance.instance.name  password = "larry.pass"}

这段代码为会我们创建三个资源:实例、数据库和用户。

准备好代码好,运行下面命令:

$ terraform init -plugin-dir=${TERRAFORM_PLUGIN}$ terraform plan$ terraform apply -auto-approve

Terraform还会自动在Bucket上创建文件来管理Terraform的状态:

创建完成后,检查就有两个数据库实例了:

$ gcloud sql instances listNAME               DATABASE_VERSION  LOCATION    TIER              PRIMARY_ADDRESS  PRIVATE_ADDRESS  STATUSpkslow-postgresql  POSTGRES_13       us-west1-a  db-f1-micro       34.127.53.161    -                RUNNABLEpkslow-testdb      POSTGRES_13       us-west1-a  db-custom-1-3840  34.83.146.214    -                RUNNABLE

本地连接如下:

5 代码

代码请查看GitHub: https://github.com/LarryDpk/pkslow-samples